2024-2025

The study involved an environmental monitoring campaign, together with energy and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations, aimed at defining Controlled Mechanical Ventilation (CMV) solutions for public buildings, with particular reference to waiting rooms. By monitoring indoor and outdoor environmental parameters (temperature, humidity, and CO₂ concentrations) and recording user occupancy in an outpatient clinic in Milan, it was possible to calibrate and validate a CFD model. The model was then used to investigate air distribution and air renewal times under both winter and summer conditions, considering both decentralised and ducted mechanical ventilation configurations applied to waiting-room models of different sizes. Finally, energy and economic assessments were carried out to define different design criteria for mechanical ventilation systems.